NOL, 1980-1984 (Numbers 13-31)

Complete Table of Contents

Number 13 (January 1980)

Editorial, by George L. Huttar

Getting together: Who's interested in what?, by George L. Huttar

List of interests

Don Barr (Indonesia)

Anne Cochran (PNG)

Margaret Decker (PNG)

Ellis Deibler (PNG)

Velma Foreman (PNG)

Karl Franklin (PNG)

Kent Gordon (Rt. 1 Box 239, Trevilians, VA 23170)

Ken Gregerson (Indonesia)

Conrad Hurd (PEG)

George Huttar (Dallas)

Dot James (PNG)

Ray Johnston (PNG)

Chris Kilham (AAB)

Linda Lauck (PNG)

Bob Litteral (PNG)

Carol Morris (AAB)

Mike Olson (PNG)

Noreen Pym (AAB)

Mike Ray (AAB but address to PNG)

Ger Reesink (PNG)

Steve Swartz (AAB)

Roland Walker (Indonesia)

Bruce Waters (AAB)

A language lab in a soapbox, by David McClure

Preface

Introduction

What the lab box does

How to use the lab box

Alternate procedure using a loop cassette

How to adjust the two adjustable parts

A note on the two patch cords

Role vs. slot in tagmemics and relational grammar, by Donald G. Frantz

1. Introduction

2. Role versus slot in tagmemics

3. Initial versus final in RG

4. Comparison of tagmemic and RG treatments

Discussion of 3

Discussion of 4

Discussion of 5

Discussion of 6

Discussion of 7

Discussion of 8 and 9

Discussion of 10

Discussion of 11

Discussion of 12

Discussion of 13

5. Potential contribution of RG to tagmemics

References

What's new in linguistics?, by W. H. Fyfe

Systematic analysis of meaning¹, by Joseph E. Grimes

Kinds of meaning relations

How to proceed

Key phrase

Government pattern

Definition

Lexical functions

Other information

Appendix

Canonical ordering of fifty lexical functions

References

The semantic value of the -a' and the -i' noun plurals in Cakchiquel, by Larry Richman

Summary

How intuitive is the "word"?, by David Thomas

1. Problems with word intuition

2. Problems with word definition

3. The word as a practical unit

4. Linguistic status of the word

References

News on computers and programs for linguists, by Norris P. McKinney

References

Report: XLIII International Congress of Americanists, by Beatrice Myers

Review: 1978 Work Papers of SIL Dallas, Volume 6, by Donna Adams

"Transitivity roles and semantic cases," by Scott Palmer

"Of men, machines, and planets," by Stephen Echerd

"The localistic case system of J. M. Anderson: A summary and a comparison with R. E. Longacre's system," by Michael Martens

Review: Grammatical relations in universal grammar, by Donna Adams

Review: The Summer Institute of Linguistics, by Donna Adams

Review: 1979 work papers of SIL, University of North Dakota, Volume 23, by Donna Adams

Desmond C. Derbyshire and Geoffrey K. Pullum, "Object initial languages"

Desmond C. Derbyshire, "A diachronic explanation for the origin of OVS"

Elizabeth Willett, "Reduplication and accent in South Eastern Tepohuan"

Stephen A. Marlett, "The abstract consonant in Seri"

Stephen A. Marlett, "Personal and impersonal passives in Seri"

Abstract: Language variation and limits to communication, by Gary Simons

Abstract: Focus in Aghem: A study of its formal correlates and typology, by John Robert Watters

Report: Eastern Canada Workshop, by Lee Ballard and Rich Rhodes

Report:LACUS Forum, by David Thomas

Report: Ninth International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (Copenhagen) August 6-11, 1979, by Eunice V. Pike

Report: Singapore Regional Seminar on Bilingualism, by Ken Gregerson

Report: African Linguistics Conference, by Keith Beavon

Report: Non-English language variation in the Western Hemisphere, University of Louisville, October 12-13, 1979, by George L. Huttar

Report: First Congress on the Popol Vuh, Guatemala, by Linda Blackburn

Report: International Seminar on Folk Culture, by Hazel Wrigglesworth

Number 14 (April 1980)

Editorial: Anybody listening out there?, by George Huttar

Browsing in the literature, or visiting the dump for fun and profit, by George Huttar

Getting together: Interests, Part II, by George L. Huttar

Thomas Bearth (Ave. des Boveresses 29/46, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland)

John Bendor-Samuel (Horsleys Green)

Hank Bradley (Mexico: from June, Norman)

Eunice Burgess (Brazil)

George Cowan (Huntington Beach)

John Daly (Mexico: from June, North Dakota)

Ben Elson (Mexico: from June, Seattle)

Peter Ladefoged (Linguistics Department, UCLA)

Millie Larson (Dallas)

James Loriot (Rt. 3, Box 80, Hazard, KY 41701)

Marvin K. Mayers (Dallas)

Dave Oltrogge (Guatemala)

Kenneth L. Pike (Dallas)

Richard Pittman (Waxhaw)

David Thomas (19/1 Sol Art 4, Phahon Yothin 7, Bangkok 4, Thailand)

Poem, by James Marsh

How to break the deadlock in language learning, by Nancy Burmeister

Report: Brazilian Society for the Progress of Science meeting, by Tom Crowell

Pedagogical grammars, by D. Keith Forster

I. Introduction

II. Definition of a pedagogical grammar

III. Basic assumptions and tenets

A. Deep structure is universal

B. Grammatical relationships are signaled

C. Basic unit is the discourse

D. Function must be kept in focus

E. Concepts presented must be immediately useful

F. Intonation is basic

G. Conceptualizing is essential

H. Language is learned by patterns

I. Different languages must be taught differently

IV. Basic considerations in planning a pedagogical grammar

A. Students' level

B. Students' first language

C. Teacher

D. Progression

E. Rate of teaching

F. Length of the lessons

V. Contents of the book

A. Introduction

B. Body

C. Vocabulary listing

D. Appendixes

E. Topical index

VI. Contents of the individual lesson

A. Dialogue

B. Pronunciation

C. Culture

D. Grammar

E. Writing

F. Vocabulary

VII. Contents of the sections within the lesson

A. Dialogue

B. Pronunciation

C. Cultural etiquette

D. Grammar

E. Writing

F. Vocabulary

VIII. Preparing lesson plans

IX. Keeping organized

X. Pedagogical grammar lesson check list

Phonology, orthography, and diacritics, by Stephen A. Marlett

1. The data

2. The orthography question

3. A second example

4. Diacritics in major language orthographies

5. Conclusion

References

Clause components, by David Thomas

1. Semantic components

A. Predicational content (relations between action and participants)

B. Semantic prosodies

C. Presuppositions

II. Surface forms (subject, predicate, and other items which stick with them)

A. Nuclear forms

B. Peripheral slots

III. External functions

Selected references

Report: Yuman-Hokan Languages Workshop, by Viola Waterhouse

Report: Maya Workshop IV, by Linda Blackburn

Report: Linguistic Society of America and American Association for Applied Linguistics Meetings, by Velma Pickett

Review: Grammatical relations in universal grammar, by Kim Chamberlain

Review: Syllables and segments, by Donna Adams

Review: Four grammatical sketches: From phrase to paragraph, by Timothy Wilt

Number 15 (July 1980)

Readers' forum: A context-centered approach to fieldwork, by George Huttar

An apparatus for the identification of paragraph types, by Robert E. Longacre

Section A (Paragraphs without embedding)

1. Simple paragraphs

2. Coordinate and alternative paragraphs

3. Temporal paragraphs

4. Antithetical and contrast paragraphs

5. Paragraphs that encode logical relations

6. Embellishment paragraphs

7. Interaction paragraphs

Section B (Paragraphs with embedding)

References

The University of Michigan announces Pike named Professor Emeritus, by George L. Huttar

What's what in language learning?, by Carol J. Orwig

1. The nature of applied linguistics

1.1.AL as an activity

1.2.AL as a science

1.3.AL as an interdisciplinary hybrid

2. The scope of AL

3. Summary and comments

References

Assessing the prospect for computer-assisted dialect adaptation in a particular language¹, by David J. Weber and William C. Mann

Introduction

1. How to carry out the experiment

1.1. Get the data

1.2. Analyze the data

1.3. Establish the result

2. An example

2.1. Get the data

2.2. Analyze the text

2.3. Establish the result

3. Conclusion

Review: The melody of language: Intonation and prosody, by Steven Dyk

Review: Current approaches to phonological theory, by Deidre B. Shelden

Review: Semantics, by Dan Everett

Abstract: Pragmatic aspects of English text structure, by Larry Bert Jones

Abstract: Application of a cognitive model of linguistic structure to the analysis of selected problems in Tzeltal (Mayan) grammar, by Stephen Leslie Walter

Report: North America Branch Language Learning Workshop, by Greg Thomson

Number 16 (October 1980)

Editorial, by George L. Huttar

Our readers react: NL reader survery summary, by George L. Huttar

What are readers (respondents) like?

What do readers (respondents) like?

Reader's forum: State of the university and its future, by Kenneth L. Pike

Thesis 1

Thesis 2

Thesis 3

Thesis 4

Thesis 5

Thesis 6

The impact of on-site computing on field linguistics: The power of man and machine in interaction, by Gary F. Simons

0. Introduction

1. The microelectronic revolution

2. Computers in field linguistics

2.1. An overview

2.2. Some popular misconceptions

3. A qualitative change in field linguistics

3.1. The utter consistency and thoroughness of computers

3.2.N results for the price of one effort

3.3. The interaction of man and machine

4. Summary

References

L(anguage) E(xploration) and A(cquisition) P(rocedures): Report and evaluation of the Guatemala Spanish program, by Stephen M. Echerd

1. General

2. Who

Evaluation and recommendations

3. When and how long

Evaluation and recommendations

4. Where

Evaluation and recommendations

5. Why?: Goals

Evaluation and recommendations

6. How

Evaluation and recommendations

7. How LEAP participants compared to "language school graduates"

8. Some extra benefits to the branch

9. Some admonitions to other branches

Some thoughts on language programs, by Ursula Wiesemann

1. Introduction

2. Situation in Cameroon

3. Suggested goals

A. In terms of the development of the SIL member

B. In terms of the development of the language community

4. Further comments

5. Thoughts on a time table

Pre-period

1st period

2nd period

3rd period

4th period

A logical development, by Geoffrey Hunt

Logic that develops

Contrast

Contraexpectation

Conclusions

Summary

References

Review: Principles and methods for historical linguistics, by Anne Franusich

Review: Tone: A linguistic survey, by Dan Everett

Review: Control in Salish grammar, by Ken Gregerson

Abstract: A comparison of Kabiye adult and child narrative discourse, by Thomas William Marmor

Abstract: Phonological reconstruction of Proto-Palawan, by Henry Arnold Thiessen

Abstract: The interrelationship of cultural information, linguistic structure, and symbolic representations in a Halbi myth, by Frances Margaret Woods

Abstract: Features of Anggor discourse, by Robert L. Litteral

Abstract: Language change in progress in Totontepec, Oaxaca, Mexico, by Mary Morgan

Report: Some thoughts on the LSA Summer Linguistic Institute, by Tim Wilt

References

Sociolinguistic Survey Seminar, by George Huttar

1. Intelligibility versus bilingualism

2. Kinds of information needed

3. Staging and techniques

4. Sampling techniques

5. Interpretation of results

6. Training, and sharing information

Good news for field linguists!, by George L. Huttar

Number 17 (January 1981)

Autobiographical sketches, by George Huttar

Peter Ladefoged

Frances Ingemann

John C. Crawford

Getting together: Interests, Part III, by George Huttar

Rudolph C. Troike (University of Illinois)

William J. Samarin (University of Toronto)

Velma Pickett (International Linguistics Consultant--Mexico)

Sumitra Katra (Professor Emeritus, UT Austin)

Des Derbyshire (Brazil)

Ivan Lowe (Great Britain)

Conversational analysis and cultural knowledge, by Roger Spielmann

Introduction

Garfinkel and conversational competence

Sacks and conversational storytelling

Analysis of a story told in conversation

Conclusion

References

Alternatives to the SIL standard linguistic research program, by Thomas Bearth

Tips on writing papers, by Lynell Marchese

Areas of weakness

To ask or not to ask--that is the question, by Mike Colburn

1. Introduction

2. The question

3. The answer to the question

3.1. Cultural competence

3.2. Austin's speech acts

3.3. Kempson's pragmatics

3.4. Erima and English pragmatics

4. Conclusions

References

Tips on reading in linguistics, by Inge Egner

Language systems ride again, by Tony Naden

References

Review: On understanding grammar, by Don Burquest

References

Review: Structured analysis and system specification, by Norris P. McKinney

Review: The cultural context of learning and thinking, by Carol McKinney

Review: Syntax and Semantics 12: Discourse and syntax, by Bob Dooley

Review: The pear stories: Cognitive, cultural, and linguistic aspects of narrative production, by Keith Snider

Abstract: Relationships between constituents beyond the clause in the Acts of the Apostles, by Stephen H. Levinsohn

Abstract: Symbolic manipulation of orthography, by Raymond G. Gordon

Report: Eighth Annual Uto-Aztecan Working Conference, by Elizabeth Willett

Report: Third New Zealand Linguistics Conference, by Gary Simons

Report: First Nilo-Saharan Colloquium, by Wanda Pace

Number 18 (April 1981)

Autobiographical sketches--Part 2, by George Huttar

Sumitra Katre

Howard McKaughan

William J. Samarin

The sociolinguistic reading of biblical language, by William J. Samarin

References

How to write clearly, by Edward T. Thompson

Follow some basic guidelines

1. Outline what you want to say

2. Start where your readers are

3. Avoid jargon

4. Use familiar combinations of words

5. Use "first-degree" words

6. Stick to the point

7. Be as brief a possible

Keep it snappy, by Tony Naden

References

Suggestions for language learning, by George L. Huttar

Strategies for language learning

A case for selective listening first^*, by Francisco Gomes de Matos

A phonetic orthography for computer applications, by Paul R. Kroeger

1. The problem

2. Applications

3. Design

4. Suprasegmentals

Transitivity in two frameworks, by Stephen A. Marlett

1. A problem

2. The notion 'transitive stratum' in relational grammar

3. The notion transitive clause in tagmemics³

4. Unequivalent notions

4.1. 3-2-1 clauses

4.2. Antipassive in Iñupiat

4.3. Subject raising

4.4. 2-3 retreat

5. Conclusions

References

Review: Case grammar: Development of the matrix model (1970-1978), by Shin Ja Hwang

References

Review: The ethnography of variation--selected writings on Pidgins and Creoles, by David Scorza

Evaluation

Review: Text, discourse, and process, by Leoma Gilley

Report: 1980 LSA Institute, by Les Bruce

Report: Découvre ta langue 1980, Yaoundé, Cameroon, by Ursula Wiesemann

Report: Current trends in creole linguistics as reflected in the 3rd Biennial Conference of Caribbean Linguistics, by Ron Binder

Report: Report on Society for Caribbean Linguistics, 3rd Biennial Conference, Aruba, September 17-20., by George Huttar

Report: 13th Sino-Tibetan Conference, University of Virginia, October 24-26, 1980, by Dick Pittman

Number 19 (July 1981)

Getting together: Interests, Part IV, by George L. Huttar

Ruth Brend (Michigan State University)

Randall Buth (Sudan)

Peter Fries (Central Michigan University)

Barbara Hollenbach (Mexico)

Tony Naden (Ghana)

Ethel Wallis (Mexico)

Ursula Wiesemann (Cameroon-Chad)

Autobiographical sketches--Part III, by George L. Huttar

Ruth Brend

Peter Fries

William E. Welmers

Fifteenth century quote, by William Caxton

Introductory Speech Course on Tagmemics and Suprasegmentals, October 13-November 8, 1980, by Dr. E. Annamalai

Preliminary observations concerning the rarity of exact repetition in Jamamadi, by Bob Campbell and Barbara Campbell

0. Introduction

1. Language learning and analysis

2. Kinds of changes in repetitions

2.1. Word order reversal and omission

2.2. Addition or change of morphemes

2.3. Synonyms

2.4. Paraphrase

2.5. Changes in questions and commands

2.6. Quotations

2.7. Mimicry

2.8. Texts

3. Literacy

4. Translation

5. Sorcery and taboos

Language universals, syntactic typology, and diachronic syntax: A select bibliography with introductory survey, by Desmond C. Derbyshire

Introductory survey

Scope of the selection

Historical developments and major works

Syntactic phenomena which have received extensive treatment

References

How intuitive is the "word"?--a response, by Velma Pickett

1. The problem of definition

2. The problem of clitics

3. The problem of compounds

4. Intuition?

5. So what is word structure?

6. To summarize my conclusions

References:

Criteria and procedures for determining word division, by Eunice V. Pike

1. Pitch patterns

2. Stress

3. Word timing

4. Allophones

5. Distribution of phonemes

6. Vowel harmony

7. Potential pause

8. Recognition of the morphemes involved.

References

Review: The genesis of language, by Karl Franklin

Review: Making sense, by Mildred Larson

Review: Existential sentences and negation in Russian, by Ethel E. Wallis

Review: The structure of English clauses, by Velma Pickett

Report: Third International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics, by Gary Simons

Report: 79th meeting of the American Anthropological Association, Washington DC--December 3-7, 1980, by Dick Pittman

Linguistics: Unloving and barbarous, by George L. Huttar

Number 20 (October 1981)

Your problem has a solution, by Geoffrey Hunt

Introduction

An example

Conclusion

Nontechnical grammars: Audience, purpose, and method, by Linda Simons

1. Defining the terms

2. Defining our audience

3. Other choices in writing a grammar

4. Choices in a pedagogical granular

5. Brief annotated bibliography of examples

References

Discourse questionnaires, by SIL

Questionnaire 1

Analysis of stories--main divisions

Questionnaire 2

Stories--the action

Questionnaire 3

Analysis of event discourse

Questionnaire 4

Analysis of argumentative monologue

Examples of logic

Questionnaire 5

Other discourse types

Other aspects of discourse

Louisiana Creole survey methodology, by Mack Graham

References

Whistled communication, by George Cowan

References

A note on valence: Quechua vs. Quichean, by David J. Weber

References

Instrumental help in phonology, by James Henderson

A. The main instruments

1. The speech spectrograph

2. The mingograph

3. The nose trumpet

4. Other techniques

B. Gaining access to the instruments

C. Experimental technique

References

Abstract: A grammar of two Pacoh texts, by Richard Leon Watson

Abstract: Theme in Greek hortatory discourse: Van Dijk and Beekman-Callow approaches, applied to 1 John, by Helen Louise Miehle

Abstract: Phonologically possible rules and dependency relations: A study in stop/fricative variation, by John M. Clifton

Report: 8th Colloque of the SILF, by Thomas Bearth

Report: International Symposium on Switch Reference and Universal Grammar, by Robert Longacre

Number 21 (January 1982)

Autobiographical sketches--Part IV, by George L. Huttar

Charles A. Ferguson

Shirley Brice Heath

Roger W. Shuy

Supplementing the procedures, by K. A. McElhanon

1. Introduction

2. A Tagmemic analysis of Nabak (Papua New Guinea)

3. Morphological considerations

4. Psychological reality of Nabak morphology

5. Conclusion

References

Examples of the hazards of over-reliance on dictionary equivalents, by H. A. Gleason

Comments on Forster's article on pedagogical grammars, by Kathy Jefferson

General outline of the Kayapó pedagogical grammar

Content of a typical lesson or unit in the Kayapó grammar

Bilingual dictionaries, by David L. Payne

1. Purpose/audience

1.1. Speakers of the vernacular

1.2. Speakers of the national language

1.3. Social scientists

2. Introduction

2.1. Introductory comments

2.2. Notes on orthography/alphabet

2.3. Abbreviations

3. Entries

3.1. Language word

3.2. Variant spellings

3. 3 Part-of-speech labels

3.4. Morphophonemic alternants

3.5. Definitions

3.6. Illustrative sentences or phrases

3.7. Dialectal peculiarities

3.8. Cross-referencing to another entry

3.9. Suppletive forms

3.10. Derivation or etymology

3.11. Scientific names

4. Subentries versus separate entries

4.1. Grammar

4.2. Separate entries

4.3. Idioms

4.4. Common expressions

5. Possible appendixes

5.1. Grammatical sketches

5.2. Grammatical forms

5.3. Notes on dialect variation

5.4. Useful phrases

5.5. Ethnographic information

5.6. Pictures/drawings/illustrations

5.7. Bibliography

6. Format using SPEED (Datapoint) equipment

6.1.SPEED

6.2. Typing SPEED

6.3. Printout

6.4. Punctuation

6.5. Parentheses

7. Other considerations

7.1. Essential reading

7.2. Other dictionaries

7.3. Consultant word checks

7.4. Consistency

7.5. Vernacular versus national language sections

7.6. Choosing the citation form for the vernacular

7.7. Ways to augment the number of entries

7.8. Use of national language dictionaries

Introduction to "North America Branch Language Understanding Manual" project, by Greg Thompson

A. Outline

Part 1. Simplex sentences

Part 2. Sentences with more than one verb

Part 3. Morphology

B. Exemplary portions

Part 1. Simplex sentences

Review: Crazy talk: A study of the discourse of schizophrenic speakers, by David Frank

Review: Semantics: A bibliography 1965-1978, by Michael Ray

Review: Syntactic argumentation, by Robert W. Starr

Review: Sentences in dialog, by Robert A. Dooley

Review: Annual review of anthropology, by Michael Ray

Abstract: A mechanical method for discovering lexical equivalents between any two languages, based on input of equivalent texts, by Maxwell Elliot Cobbey

Report: Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea, 15th Annual Congress, by Howard Shelden

Report: "Winter Institute of Linguistics" and "International Encounter in the Philosophy of Language", by Dan Everett

International colloquium on the Chadic language family, by Elizabeth Jarvis

Ten commandments for grammar workshop, by Ray Johnston

Number 22 (April 1982)

Editorial: Linguistics for the third world, by George Huttar

PTP--A text processing language for personal computers, by Ramond Howell, Stephen McConnel, and Gary Simons

Introduction

The conceptual basis of text processing

Applications of PTP

Elements of the language

Data structures

Multiple text buffers

Pointers

Integer variables

Pushdown stack

Truth flag

Program elements

General commands

Input/output commands

Predicates

Control structure

Modes of operation

Documentation

Availability

Appendix: Sample PTP program

Software tools and PTP, by David J. Weber

Introduction

PTP and software tools

Advantages and disadvantages of STA

Conclusions

References

Comments on a phonetic orthography for computers, by Howard Shelden

1. Introduction

2. Application to comparative studies

3. Affricates

4. Low vowels

5. References

On expanding the meaning of applied linguistics: A suggestion for training linguists and language teachers in field linguistics, by James E. Redden

Linguists and field linguistics

Working with informants

Relation to ethno- and anthropological linguistics

Field linguistics and the language teacher

References

Some remarks on "minimal pairs", by Daniel L. Everett

1. Introduction

2. Theoretical and practical considerations

2.1. Tagmemics

2.2. Generative phonology

2.3. Empirical and epistemological extensions

3. Conclusions

References

Review: Schools of linguistics: Competition and evolution, by George Huttar

Some further reading on the history of linguistics, by George Huttar

Review: Sociolinguistic attitudes in India: An historical reconstruction, by Larry Hagberg

Review: Essays on Wittgenstein's tractatus, by James Loriot

Review: Special issue on artificial intelligence, by Gary Simons

Abstract: Barai clause juncture: Toward a functional theory of interclausal relations, by Michael L. Olson

References

Abstract: The structure of Seri, by Stephen Alan Marlett

Abstract: Tense/aspect and the development of auxiliaries in the Kru language family, by Lynell Marchese

Abstract: An introductory study of the paragraph structure of Biblical Hebrew, by Randall John Buth

Abstract: A phonology and morphology of Ejagham--with notes on dialect variation, by John Robert Watters

Abstract: The transitivity-related morphology of Tetelcingo Nahuatl: An exploration in space grammar, by David Harold Tuggy

Abstract: A grammar of Alamblak, by Les Bruce

Report: What's new in linguistics? A report on the Latin America Area Linguistic Update Seminar, Yarinacocha, 31/8/81-9/9/81, by Robert A. Dooley

Trend 1. Subsystems

Trend 2. Descriptive statement

Trend 3. Syntactic phenomena

Papers presented

References

Number 23 (July 1982)

Getting together: Interests, Part V, by George L. Huttar

Daniel Everett (Brazil)

Richard Brown (Sudan)

Autobiographical sketches--Part IV, by Hu Tan

Comparing expatriate and mother tongue translation programs, by Karl J. Franklin and Robert Litteral

Introduction

2. Training

2.1. Language learning

2.2. Phonological analysis

2.3. Grammatical analysis

2.4. Writing stories

2.5. Anthropology

2.6. Translation techniques

2.7. Biblical studies

2.8. Further training

3. Methodology

3.1. Teaching methods

3.2. Training

3.3. Supervision

3.4. Consultation

3.5. Evaluation

4. Rationale

5. Summary

6. Concluding remarks

References

Appendix A

Outline of SIL and national translators' training needs

Empathy as a communication skill related to language learning, by Judy Schram

Exercises in the communication of empathy

Exercise 1

Exercise 2

Exercise 3

Exercise 4

References

Linguistics at Wisconsin (1937-1941) and at Texas (1949- ): A retrospective view, by Winfred P. Lehmann

Linguistic pragmatics, by George Huttar

What is "pragmatics?

Speech-act theory

Performatives

Indirect speech acts

Presuppositions

Pragmatics of conversation

Deixis

References

Review: Words, worlds, and contexts: New approaches in word semantics, by Mike Fullingim

Review: Current trends in textlinguistics, by Mike Fullingim

Abstract: The syntax and morphology of the verb in Chepang, by Ross Charles Caughley

Abstract: Lexical-generative grammar: Toward a lexical conceptional linguistic structure, by Lon G. Diehl

Abstract: New Testament Greek word order in light of discourse considerations, by Timothy Friberg

Abstract: Tone and ballistic syllable in Lalana Chinantec, by Bob Mugele

Abstrract: The foundation for a discourse structure of the Gospel of Mark, by David Boltz

Abstract: The functions and meanings of the Erima deictic articles, by Michael Alvin Colburn

Report: The Symposium to Inaugurate the Department of Linguistics and Semiotics, by Mike Fullingim

Personal comments on pervasive, recurrent themes

Announcement: Bibliography of linguistic typology, by Anatole Lyovin

Number 24 (October 1982)

Some questions for field linguists beginning language analysis, by Kenneth L. Pike

1. Phonology

1.1. Rare phonemes

1.2. Sounds from borrowed words

1.3. Allophonic change

1.4. Change over time

1.5. Minimal tone pairs

1.6. Contrasting tones

1.7. Perception of tone

1.8. Allophonic versus morphophonemic lowering

1.9. Subsystems of tone patterns in grammatical classes

1.10. Tone in text

1.11. Nonautomatic downstep

1.12. Phonemics before morphophonemics

2. Morphophonemics

2.1. Subphonemic variants versus morphophonemic variants

2.2. Homophonous words which are morphonemically different

2.3. Lexical lists with morphonemic subgroupings

2.4. Morphonemic differences by syntactic position

2.5. Tonal inversion

2.6. Tone on the word

2.7. Charts

3. Orthography

3.1. Bilingualism

3.2. Orthography: Phonemic, morphophonemic, or other?

4. Planning for the first year

4.1. Distinct steps? No.

4.2. Language learning without simultaneous analysis? No.

4.3. Personhood, simple? No.

4.4. Partners with completely separate research? No.

4.5. Analysis without the use of explicit or implicit frames? No.

4.6. Person without society? No.

4.7. Analysis without historical indeterminacy? No.

4.8. Method without theory? No.

4.9. Delay publication? No.

Towards a valid linguistic check of bilingual dictionaries, by Louise Schoenhals

0. Overview

I. Historical background

II. The task defined

III. Procedure

IV. Results

V. Implications for future dictionary evaluations

In memory of Dr. Yuen Ren Chao, by Paul Frank

Subjective varieties of pidgin in Papua New Guinea, by Björn H. Jernudd

Summary

References

Appendix: Evaluation of variety (Interview)

How intuitive is the word?--a rejoinder, by David Thomas

References

A new approach to conversation analysis, by Thomas Bearth

Building a personal technical library, by George L. Huttar

I. Introduction

II. Books

1. Anthropology

2. Linguistics

3. Literacy

4. Translation

III. Journals

1. Anthropology (ethnology)

2. Linguistics

3. Literacy

4. Translation

Linguist's lament on return to fieldwork with two year's accumulation of books, by Dick Elkins

Review: Tagmemics, discourse, and verbal art, by Ruth M. Brend

Reference

Review: Reports on text linguistics: Approaches to word order, by Mike Fullingim

Review: Age-related differences in second language acquistion, by Lynn Frank

Abstract: From morpheme to discourse: A study of reference in Wik-Munkan, by Barbara J. Sayers

Abstract: Some factors that influence fronting in Koine clauses, by J. Randolph Radney

Abstract: Grammatical and semantic aspects of Fitzroy Crossing Valley Kriol, by Joyce Hudson

Abstract: A study of Navajo maintenance and shift, by Eugene E. Fuller

Number 25 (January 1983)

Language learning sessions at home and abroad^*, by Andrew Persson

Instant language learning kit^*, by Evelyn G. Pike

Ten-minute projects for mothers and others

I. Practice

II. Orientation

III. The Three R's

Leading questions for language learners

I. Beginning and advanced questions

II. Advanced questions

III. Using the questions

The inelegant glottal: A problem in Uma phonology¹, by Michael Martens and Martha Martens

The problem

The analysis

Language and interactive behavior; the language of bridge, by Peter H. Fries

References

Oral and written language, by George Huttar

Bibliography of spoken and written language, by Jean Leuthkemeyer, Caroline Van Antwerp, and Gloria Kindell

Introduction

Bibliography

Characteristic features of oral and written modes of language: Annotated bibliography, by Lynn Frank

Review: Roots of language, by David L. Payne

Review: The genetic relationship of the Ainu language, by Sueyoshi Toba

Review: Sketch of Syntagmatic phonology, by Pete Unseth

Review: A lexicon of Khmer morphology, by David Thomas

Review: Ponapean reference grammar, by Vurnell Cobbey

Reference

Review: A study of aspect in Maltese, by Ruedi Giezendanner

References

Review: Language, semantics, and ideology, by Lou Hohulin

Reference

Review: Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Etnolingüísticos, by John A. Stuart

Abstract: "Obviation in Michif", by Deborah Weaver

Report: The 15th International Conference on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics, August 16-19, 1982., by Lon Diehl

Report: The 9th International Systemic Workshop, York University, Toronto, August 25-28, 1982, by Ivan Lowe

Report: The 13th International Congress of Linguists, August 29-September 4, 1982, by Jerry Edmondson

Report: Society for Caribbean Linguistics, 4th Biennial Conference, Paramaribo, Suriname, September 1-4., by David Frank

Report: Quatorzième Congrès des Algonquinistes, by Deborah Weaver

Number 26 (April 1983)

Autobiographical sketches VI, by George L. Huttar

G. Richard Tucker

Rudolph C. Troika

For the sake of argument ..., by E. Lou Hohulin

1. Linguistic theory

2. Translation: An interdisciplinary task

Sociology

Cultural anthropology

Cognitive psychology

Philosophy of language

Rhetoric

3. Translation: Science or art?

References

Ngaanyatjarra^* nonindicative sentences: A Semantic analysis, by Amee Glass

Appendix

References

Classification of narrative types, by Robert Croese

A. Legend

B. Fairy tales

C. Myth

D. Allegory

E. Fable

F. Parable

References

Discourse components, by David Thomas

I. Semantic structures

Surface structures

Evaluating language proficiency, by Judith L. Schram

0. Introduction

1. Evaluation of language use in social and work situations

2. Evaluation of language use on an exam

2.1. Test goals

2.2. Performance levels

2.3. Body of the exam

2.4. Taping the test

2.5. Scoring the test

Reference

Roman Jakobson (1896-1982), by David Corrigan

Review: The case for surface case, by Doris Payne

References

Review: American structuralism, by Paul S. Frank

Review: Speech act theory and pragmatics, by Robert A. Dooley

References

Review: The semantics of metaphor, by K. A. McElhanon

Reference

Review: Frame conceptions and text understanding, by Mike Walrod

Minsky, M. "A framework for representing knowledge," 1-25

Lehnert, W. G. "The role of scripts in understanding," 79-95

Rosenberg, St. T. "Frame-based text processing," 96-119

References

Review: A history of the Hebrew language, by Randall Buth

Reference

Abstract: Phonological processes affecting segments in Angave, by Richard Fleming Speece

Abstract: Tense/aspect and the development of auxiliaries in the Kru language family, by Lynell Marchese

Report: Linguistic Society of America, by Joe Grimes

Number 27 (July 1983)

Autobiographical sketches VII, by George L. Huttar

Richard Rhodes

John Verhaar

Making tone markings acceptable and easy, by Inge Meier

1. African tone and tone patterns

2. Izi orthography

3. Tone contrast in Izi

3.1. Lexical tone contrast

3.2. Grammatical tone contrast

4. Orthological solutions for Izi

4.1. Solutions for lexical contrast

4.2. Solutions for grammatical contrast

5. Evaluation

5.1. Accent marks to resolve ambiguities

5.2. Hyphen and apostrophe

5.3. Question mark and comma

6. Conclusion

The relevance of rank and subordination to the application of phonological rules, by Brian E. Bull

0. Introduction

1. Rank of stricture

2. Subordination

3. Application of phonological rules

Glosses for table

References

Realis-irrealis distinction in Da'a, by Donald F. Barr

0. Introduction¹

1. Morphological shape of realis-irrealis markers

2. Use of realis-irrealis in Da'a

2.1. Realis-irrealis aspect versus tense

2.2. Use of realis-irrealis in discourse

3. Conclusion

References

The blank thesaurus, by SIL, Indonesia Branch

Reference books in linguistics, by Melinda Birnbaum

General sources and introduction

Library catalogs

Bibliographies

Selection tools

Classification of linguistics

Dictionaries and encyclopedias

Directories

Periodicals

Directories

Indexes and abstracts

General journals

Specific journals

Language atlases

Phonological charts

Conference proceedings

Review: Tragic thought and the grammar of tragic myth, by Todd G. Ireland

Review: El Huichol: Apuntes sobre el lexico, by Rhonda Hartell

Review: Text processing/textverarbeitung, by Michael Walrod

Reference

Review: On the yin and yang nature of language, by David Oltrogge

Review: A study of metaphor: On the nature of metaphorical expressions, with special reference to their reference, by K. A. McElhanon

Abstract: Pragmatics, formal theory, and the analysis of presupposition, by John David Dinsmore

Abstract: Subject reaccenting and the rhythm rule, by Russel Loski

References

Abstract: A discourse-oriented grammar of Eastern Bontoc, by Takashi Fukuda

Abstract: A grammar of Bororo, by Thomas Harris Crowell

Abstract: Focus in Aghem: A study of its formal correlates and typology, by John Robert Watters

Report: XV Pacific Science Congress, Dunedin, New Zealand, 1-11 February, 1983, by Gary Simons and Linda Simons

Report: Second Annual West Coast Conference On Formal Linguistics, University of Southern California, February 24-27, 1983, by Dan Everett

Report: Conference on the Uses of Phonology, Southern Illinois University, February 26, 1983, by Don Burquest

Number 28 (October 1983)

Grammaticalization: An introduction¹, by Robert A. Dooley

0. Introduction

1. Where grammar comes from

2. Grammaticalization in synchronic description

2.1.

2.2.

2.3.

3. Grammaticalization as a diachronic process

3.1.

3.2.

3.3.

4. Sequels to grammaticalization

5. Summary

References

The generative revolution and the Summer Institute of Linguistics, by Mike Maxwell

Part 1

Part 2

0. Introduction

1. Goals of SIL workers versus goals of generative linguists

2. Isolation from academic linguistics

3. Perceptions of success of tagmemics versus generative linguistics

4. Styles of debate

5. Conclusion

References

Some crucial issues in language planning, by David Henne

0. Introduction

1. Freedom of speech or limitation of speech

2. One minority language gaining at the expense of another

3. The tension of a multilanguage situation within the nation and with the world at large

4. The tendency to study a language as an object

5. The tendency to study people as objects

6. The intervention of people and ideas from urbanized nations

7. The expressed purpose to unite people

8. The original language planning policy

References

An annotated bibliography on the relationship between language and identity, by Barbara L. Keller

0. Introduction

1. References

2. Indexes

2.1. Categorizational index

2.2. Geographical index

2.3. Linguistic index

2.4. Topical index

Review: The Indo-Europeans in the fourth and third millennia, by Ronald N. Werth

References

Review: Introduction to text linguistics, by Mike Walrod

Abstract: Linguistic and cultural analysis of three Guiarati folk tales, by Imanuel Gulabbhai Christian

Abstract: Aspects of Korean narration, by Shin Ja Joo Hwang

Abstract: An introduction to information structure in Salt-Yui discourse, by Barry Sidney Irwin

Abstract: The Dinka vowel system, by Job Dharuai Malou

Abstract: A phonological reconstruction of Proto-Northern Rai, by Sueyoshi Toba

Abstract: The morphosyntax of Una in relation to discourse structure: A descriptive analysis, by Jan Louwerse

Number 29 (January 1984)

Coordinator's corner

The functional domains of passives^*, by Bryan Ezard

0. Introduction

1. Functional domains of passives

1.1. Clausal topic assignment

1.2. Impersonalization

1.3. Detransitivization

5. Conclusion

References

An elementary sketch of government binding theory^*, by Dan Everett

0. Introduction

1. Basic model perspectives

2. Major components

3. Subsystems of principles

3.1. X-bar (XÝ or X') theory

3.2. Theta (T) theory:

3.3. Case theory

3.4. Binding theory

8.5. Bounding theory

3.6. Control theory

3.7. Government theory

Appendix A.GBT and fieldwork

Appendix B.GBT and discourse analysis

References

Language attitudes: Identity, distinctiveness, survival in the Vaupes, by Barbara F. Grimes

0. Introduction

1.1. Tucanoan groups in the Vaupes

2. Implications for scripture translation, literacy, and church development

2.1. Scripture translation

2.2. Literacy

2.3. Church development

3. Conclusion

References

The generative revolution and The Summer Institute of Linguistics, by Mike Maxwell

Assumptions in Maxwell's article "The generative revolution and the Summer Institute of Linguistics", by Kenneth L. Pike

0. Introduction

1. Agreement with some practical conclusions

2. Possible differences of premises which seem to be implicit in Maxwell's statements (but which may not be intended thus)

2.1. Premise on theory in relation to truth

2.2. Premise on theory in relation to philosophy

2.3. Premise on the philosophy of science

2.4. Description in relation to theory

3. Minor comments

3.1. Language system

3.2. Generative revolution

3.3. Invariant

3.4. A few bibliographical cautions

References

Review: Language universals and linguistic typology: Syntax and morphology, by David Payne

Introduction

Organization of the book

Critique

References

Review: The social context of creolization, by Ron Moe

Review: Language and social networks, by George L. Huttar

1. Social networks

1.1. Relating to a community

1.2. What kind of data?

1.3. Languages in societies

References

Review: Modern linguistics: The results of Chomsky's revolution, by Helen Miehle

Review: On narrative, by Jennifer G. Giezendanner

Review: Pragmatics and linguistics: An analysis of sentence topics, by Robert A. Dooley

References

Abstract: A lingua Pirahã E A teoria da sintaxe, by Daniel Everett

References

Report: The X International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, by Dan Everett

Report: Delaware Symposium on Language Studies 5, by Stephen Quakenbush

Special Issue Number 2 (July 1982)

Introduction, by Michael Ray

Sociolinguistic Survey Conference: Key issues, by George Huttar

Background

What must we measure?

How do we measure it?

Who decides?

Now what do we do?

What answers obviate the need for further research?, by John Bendor-Samuel

1. Objective

2. Relevant factors for assessing translation needs

1. Primary factors

2. Secondary factors

3. Hierarchy of difficulty/ease

4. Correlation between linguistic relationships and comprehension

5. Correlation between comprehension measurements and sociolinguistic factors

6. Oral use of Scriptures

7. Field procedures

A. Intelligibility situations

B. Bilingualism situations

Measuring language attitudes and language use, by Roland Walker

Introduction

Why study language attitudes?

How have language attitudes been measured in the past?

How has language use been measured?

How do field conditions affect our choice of methods?

Where do we go from here?

References

Appendix 1: Types of studies and data gathering techniques

Appendix 2: Works cited in Agheyisi and Fishman

Comprehension and language attitudes: Conditions and roles in Bible translation need, by Barbara F. Grimes

Introduction

Comprehension

Which language do they need?

Intelligibility between related dialects

Comprehension in a second language

Narrative and explanation versus exposition or exhortation

Literacy fluency

Lack of uniformity within a community

Language attitudes

Which language do they want?

Attitudes of insiders

Attitudes of outsiders

Determining attitudes

Relationship between comprehension and attitude

Promoting a language as a literary vehicle

Appendix A: Foreign Service Scale in intelligibility measurement, by Gary Simons

Appendix B: Second language proficiency of vernacular speakers

Appendix C: Determining Bible translation need: Ordered questions, by Barbara F. Grimes

References

Objective and subjective survey techniques, by Robert Litteral

Introduction

Preliminary considerations

Objective survey procedures

Subjective survey procedures

Survey program

Reference

Some comments on sociolinguistic survey, by Rudolph C. Troike, Eyamba Bokamba, and Muriel Saville-Troike

Comments: Objective and subjective survey techniques, by Barbara Grimes

Comments: Measuring language attitudes and language use, by Barbara Grimes

Comments: Barbara Grimes's paper, by Robert Litteral

Pages 25-26

Page 29

Paragraph 5

Page 30

Page 32

Page 32

Page 34

Page 35

Simons comments (36-37)

Comments: Roland Walker's paper, by Robert Litteral

Page 15

Page 16

Page 16

Page 16

Page 17

Page 18

Pages 18-19

Comments: John Bendor-Samuel's paper, by Robert Litteral

1. (Page 9) Objective

2. (Page 9) Relevant factors

1.1. Linguistic relationships

3. (Page 10)

4. (Page 10)

7. (Pages 13-14)

A proposal and comments on various papers, by Roger Gilstrap

Proposal

Comments

"What answers obviate the need for further research?" by John Bendor-Samuel

"Objective and subjective survey techniques" by Robert Litteral

"Comprehension and language attitudes ..." by Barbara Grimes

"Measuring language attitudes and language use" by Roland Walker

Comments: Barbara Grimes's paper, by John Daly

Comments: Discussion papers for Sociolinguistic Survey Conference, by Michael Ray

Review: Dimir: A sociolinguistic survey, by Robert Litteral

Review: A guide for conducting sociolinguistic surveys in Papua New Guinea, by Robert Litteral

References

Review: Where are all the vernaculars going? Sociolinguistic surveys in PNG, by Robert Litteral

References

Number 30 (April 1984)

Coordinator's corner, by Don Burquest

Resegmenting as unit or sequence: Do we really need it?^*, by Mike Maxwell

1. Traditional resegmentation criteria

2. Is [ts] ever a sequence?

3. Apparent problems

4. Conclusion

References

The glottalic theory^*, by Winfred P. Lehmann

1. The glottalic theory

2. Impact of the theory

2.1. Grimm's Law revised

3. Nontypological support proposed for the theory

3.1. Support in Baltic and Slavic lengthening of vowels

3.2. Lachmann's Law

3.3. Bartholomae's Law

3.4. Frequency in derivational and inflectional suffixes

3.5. Current Indo-European glottalics

3.6. Further request

4. Glottalic theory and pitch

References

Two adverbials in Asheninca¹, by Janice Anderson

References

The usefulness of case frames, by Timothy Wilt

0. Introduction

1. Chart of one story's unmarked verbs

2. A study of case frame texture

3. The master chart

4. Semantic composition and plot

5. Case frames and character studies

6. Conclusion

References

To learn to speak, must one speak?^*, by J. Albert Bickford

References

Neurolinguistics: A justification and bibliography, by Jerold A. Edmondson

References

Works on neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, or neuropathology

Specifically neurolinguistic works

Sources for this report

Review: Mon-Khmer Studies XI, by John Banker

Review: Papers in language variation: SAMLA--ADS collection, by Daniel Everett

Review: Special issue: Text analysis, The Journal of the Linguistic Association of the Southwest, by James Loriot

Contents

Review: Pedagogical grammar of Hawaiian: Recurrent problems, by Todd G. Ireland

Abstract: Enablement in Bolivian Quechua narratives, by Betsy Hapeman Wrisley

Abstract: Conversation and the speech situation: A tagmemic analysis, by David Benjamin Frank

Abstract: Some aspects of formal speech among the Western Subanon of Mindanao, by William Curtis Hall

Constructive criticism, by Donald A. Burquest

Report: Linguistics Association of Great Britain--autumn meeting, Newcastle, September 21-23, 1983, by Stephen H. Levinsohn

References

Report: Tenth International Systematic Workshop, Nottingham, September 6-8, 1983, by Stephen H. Levinsohn

References

Number 31 (July 1984)

Coordinator's corner, by Donald A. Burquest

Typological parameters of vernacular language planning¹, by Robert Litteral

0. Introduction

1. Ecological factors

1.1. Environmental factors

1.2. Cultural factors

1.3. Political system

1.4. Economic factors

2. Language planning processes

2.1. Responsibility

2.2. Ideology

2.3. Goals

2.4. Implementation

2.5. Evaluation

3. Summary

References

Assessment of translation needs and programs¹, by David Bendor-Samuel

Second language proficiency report, by Barbara F. Grimes

Estimates of second language proficiency of vernacular speakers 1981-1983

Second language proficiency of vernacular speakers questionnaire

Instructions

Location in Yaminahua folk tales, by Lucy Eakin

Review: Syllable structure and stress in Spanish: A nonlinear analysis, by Stephen A. Marlett

References

Review: On the origin and formation of creoles: A miscellany of articles, by Karl Franklin

Review: Linguistic composition of the nations of the world, by Martin Combs